Cardiology

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

What is CABG?

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), which is also called heart bypass surgery, is a proven technique used to treat severe coronary artery disease and can save lives. When plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to your heart and causes them to narrow or become blocked, CABG helps restore normal blood flow by using a healthy blood vessel from your body to create a new pathway for blood to reach the heart.

Why CABG is Done

CABG is recommended when:

• One or more heart vessels are seriously blocked

• Angina (chest pain) does not improve with medicines or lifestyle changes

• There is a high risk of heart attack

• Other treatments such as angioplasty or stenting are not suitable

How the Procedure Works

During CABG surgery, the doctor takes a healthy blood vessel from your leg, arm, or chest and connects it above and below the blocked artery. This allows blood to bypass the blockage and flow smoothly to the heart muscle.

If there is more than one blockage, you may need a single, double, triple, or quadruple bypass, depending on your condition.

Recovery and Results

CABG is a major heart surgery, and most patients require 6 to 12 weeks for full recovery. Many people feel significant improvement after surgery, including reduced chest pain, better heart function, and an improved quality of life.

With proper medication, healthy lifestyle changes, and regular follow-up check-ups, the benefits of CABG can last for many years.

Why Choose Us for CABG?

• Experienced cardiothoracic surgeons with successful CABG outcomes

• Modern operating rooms and advanced post-surgery care

• Personalized treatment plans based on your heart condition

• Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle support

African Cities We Commonly Assist for CABG Surgery in India

India is a preferred destination for heart bypass surgery for many international patients. We regularly assist patients traveling from key African cities to India for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) due to advanced cardiac care, experienced surgeons, and affordable treatment costs.

Nigeria

Patients from Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt frequently choose India for heart bypass surgery and advanced cardiac treatment.

Kenya

Patients from Nairobi and Mombasa travel to India for CABG surgery because of access to modern hospitals and specialized heart surgeons.

Ghana

Patients from Accra and Kumasi visit India for coronary artery bypass surgery due to high success rates and cost-effective care.

Tanzania

Patients from Dar es Salaam often come to India for complex heart procedures, including CABG surgery.

Uganda

Patients from Kampala travel to India for heart bypass surgery and long-term cardiac care.

Ethiopia

Patients from Addis Ababa choose India for advanced coronary artery disease treatment and bypass surgery.

Sudan

Patients from Khartoum come to India for CABG surgery because of specialized cardiac centers and comprehensive post-surgery care.

Cost of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

The cost of CABG surgery is $4,500, making it an affordable option compared to many other countries.
The final cost may vary depending on the patient’s medical condition and treatment requirements.

Aortic Valve Repair / Replacement (AVR)

What is AVR?

AVR or Aortic Valve Repair or Replacement, is surgery that fixes or replaces the aortic valve. This is the valve that controls blood flow from the heart to the body. Aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation are both heart problems that can happen when the aortic valve gets narrowed or leaky. AVR helps get valves working normally again which is good for your heart.

When is AVR Needed?

AVR is recommended if:

• Your aortic stenosis or those is extremely bad.
• You feel things like chest pain, tiredness, shortness of breath or passing out.
• Valve disease is making your heart work less well.
• This puts your heart at risk of failing or stopping suddenly.

Types of AVR Procedures

1. Aortic Valve Repair:

• In some situations the valve can be changed or fixed instead of being replaced.
• Not very common but good for some patients especially younger ones.

1. Aortic Valve Replacement:
   • Involves replacing the damaged valve with:
     • A mechanical valve (long-lasting, requires lifelong blood thinners).
     • A biological valve (from animal tissue, no blood thinners, shorter lifespan).
   • Can be done through open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques like TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement).

Recovery and Benefits

Recovery times vary based on the treatment. Most people can go back to their normal lives 6 to 8 weeks after open-heart surgery, and sooner after minimally invasive choices. AVR can:

• Relieve symptoms like fatigue and breathlessness.
• Improve heart function and energy levels.
• Reduce risk of heart failure and extend life expectancy.

Why Choose Us for AVR?

• Experienced cardiac surgeons trained in open and minimally invasive valve surgery.
• Advanced operation theaters with high safety standards.
• Customized valve choice based on age, lifestyle, and health.
• Complete care from diagnosis to post-surgery rehabilitation.

Cost of Aortic Valve Repair / Replacement (AVR)

• Aortic Valve Repair: $7000-$7200
• Aortic Valve Replacement: $8500-$9000

Mitral Valve Repair/ Replacement (MVR)

Mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement are procedures that may be performed to treat diseases of the mitral valve. The mitral valve is 1 of the heart’s 4 valves. It helps blood flow through the heart and out to the body. The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Doctors often may recommend mitral valve repair. However, if mitral valve repair isn't possible, doctors may need to perform mitral valve replacement. 

Types of Valves

• Biological valves are made mainly from pig, cow, or human heart tissue. Biological valves don’t last as     long as mechanical valves

• Mechanical valves are man-made. If you receive a mechanical valve, you will need to take blood-              thinning medicine for the rest of your life.

Types of Surgery for MVR

• Open Heart Surgery which involves a cut (incision) in the chest.

• In some cases, can be performed Minimally Invasive surgery which involves small cut (incision)

• Minimally invasive heart surgery may involve a shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery and less pain         than open-heart surgery.

• In some cases, can be performed Robotic Surgery. In robot-assisted heart surgery, a surgeon sits at a     remote  console, viewing the heart in a magnified high-definition 3-D view on a video monitor.

Diagnosis

• Echo

• ECG

• Chest X-ray

• Angiography

• Blood tests

Complications after surgery

Mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement surgery can involve some complications and risks including:

• Bleeding

• Blood clots

• Valve dysfunction in replacement valves

• Heart rhythm problems

• Infection

• Stroke

Duration: 3-4 hours 

Success Rate: 95- 98% may vary according to patient's condition.

Stay in Hospital: 8 days

Stay in India: 20-25 days

Cost of Mitral Valve Repair / Replacement (MVR)

Mitral Valve Repair: $7000-$7200

Mitral Valve Replacement: $8500-$9000

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)

What is TAVI?

A procedure called Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) which is also called Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is used to treat a disease called aortic valve stenosis, in which the valve gets too narrow and stops blood flow from the heart. For people who are at high or moderate risk for open-heart surgery TAVI is a great choice.

Who Needs TAVI?

TAVI is recommended for patients who:

• Have severe aortic stenosis and chest pain, tiredness, or shortness of breath are some of the signs.
• Are too old or have other health problems to be good candidates for standard valve replacement surgery.
• Want a less invasive treatment option with faster recovery.

How TAVI Works

TAVI doesn't need to open the chest like open-heart surgery does. Instead, the doctor makes a small cut in the groyne or chest and puts in a thin tube called a catheter. A catheter is used to bring a new valve to the damaged aortic valve and place it there. Once it's in place it controls blood flow on its own.

Benefits of TAVI

• Minimally invasive – no large chest incision or heart-lung machine.
• Shorter hospital stay – most patients go home in 2–4 days.
• Faster recovery – return to daily activities sooner.
• Improved quality of life – less chest pain, more energy, and better heart function.

Why Choose Us for TAVI?

• Heart team with a lot of experience who know how to do TAVI safely and effectively.
• For accurate valve placement, the cath lab and imaging equipment are very advanced.
• Care that is customised for your needs before, during, and after the process.
• Focus on comfort, safety, and long-term heart health.

Cost of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantetion (TAVI)

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantetion: $30000

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a treatment for aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valve stenosis -or aortic stenosis -occurs when the heart's aortic valve thickens and becomes stiff (calcifies). As a result, the valve can't fully open and blood flow to the body is reduced.

TAVR is an alternative to open-heart aortic valve replacement surgery. People who have TAVR often have a shorter hospital stay than those who have surgical aortic valve replacement.

During Procedure

 To perform TAVR procedure, a doctor inserts a catheter into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or chest area, and guides it into the heart. Moving X-ray images or echocardiogram pictures help the doctor place the catheter into the correct position.

A replacement valve made of cow or pig tissue is passed through the hollow catheter and placed in the area of the aortic valve. A balloon on the catheter tip inflates to press the new valve into place. Some valves expand without the use of a balloon.

The doctor removes the catheter once the new valve is securely in place.

During the TAVR procedure, the treatment team will carefully monitor your vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, and breathing.

 Diagnonis

•â€‹ X-rays

• ECG

• Echocardiogram

• CT scans

• Blood tests

• You may also have a cardiac catheterization

Complications after Procedure 

Regular doctor's check-ups and imaging tests are needed after TAVR to make sure the new valve is working properly. Let your doctor know if you have any new or worsening signs or symptoms.

Following a heart-healthy lifestyle is important as you recover and to help prevent further heart problems. After TAVR:

• Dizziness or light-headedness

• Swelling of the ankles

• Sudden weight gain

• Extreme tiredness with activity

• Signs or symptoms of infection

Seek emergency medical help if you have:

• Chest pain

• Pressure or tightness

• Severe

• Sudden shortness of breath

• Fainting

Duration: 3-4 Hours 

Success Rate: 95-98% may vary according to patient's condition.

Stay in Hospital: 7 days

Stay in India: 20-25 days

Cost Of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: $30000

Bentall Surgery

The Bentall procedure is a type of Open-heart cardiac surgery involving composite graft replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root, and ascending aorta, with re-implantation of the coronary arteries into the graft.

During Surgery: The Surgeon will

• Remove the affected part of your aorta and aortic valves

• Temporarily remove your coronary arteries

• Insert an artificial aortic graft with a built-in valve

• Make two holes in the graft and re-attach the coronary arteries

    (##Need pics for understanding Bentall procedure##)

 Diagnosis

• Echo

• ECG

• Chest X-ray

• Angiography

• Blood tests

Complications after surgery

• Bleeding

• Abnormal heart rhythms, called arrhythmias– mostly temporary

• Short term memory problems, blurred vision and difficulty concentrating – mostly temporary

• infection

• Blood clot

• Stroke

Duration: 3-4 Hours

Success Rate:  95-98% may vary according to patient's condition.

Stay in Hospital: 7 days

Stay in India: 20-25 days

Cost Of Bentall Surgery

Bentall Surgery: $13000-$14000

Angiography / Angioplasty

Angiography and angioplasty are two different medical procedures that are related to the blood vessels. While angiography is used to investigate or examine your blood vessels for a potential heart condition, angioplasty involves widening the narrowed arteries to treat the condition.

Angiogram

An angiogram, also called an arteriogram or angiography, is a diagnostic procedure that creates pictures of your blood vessels. It takes a series of x-rays using an iodine dye — called contrast — that helps to reveal blood flow through vessels and any blockages they may have.

During Procedure

In this minimally invasive procedure, a doctor inserts a catheter into a main artery, usually the femoral artery in your leg or sometimes through hand according patient condition.

Angioplasty

An angioplasty is a procedure that opens or unblocks an affected blood vessel to improve blood flow. This less-invasive procedure is also known as PTCA, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) due to the techniques used. 

During Procedure

In angioplasty, doctors will insert a catheter into your main artery and guide it to the blockage. This catheter has a small balloon at the tip that inflates and compresses the blockage, opening your blood vessel and improving blood flow. Sometimes, doctors insert a wire-mesh stent at the same time to keep the artery from collapsing.

There are several types of angioplasty depending on the location:

• Coronary angioplasty
• Cerebral angioplasty
• Renal artery angioplasty
• PTCA of the femoral artery
• Balloon pulmonary angioplasty
• Carotid artery angioplasty

You might also receive laser angioplasty, in which doctors remove the blockage using laser radiation.

Cost Of Angiography & Angioplasty

Angiography: $3500

Angioplasty: $4000-$5000